Soak the chickpeas:
Place the dried chickpeas in a large bowl and cover them with water. Let them soak for at least 12 hours or overnight. Drain and rinse well before using.
Prepare the falafel mixture:
In a food processor, combine the soaked chickpeas, onion, garlic, parsley, cilantro, cumin, coriander, salt, black pepper, and cayenne (if using). Pulse until the mixture is well-combined but not pureed—it should have a coarse texture.
Add flour and baking powder:
Transfer the mixture to a bowl. Add the flour and baking powder, mixing until the mixture holds together when pressed. Cover and refrigerate for 30 minutes to firm up.
Form the falafel balls:
Scoop about 1–2 tablespoons of the mixture and shape it into small balls or patties. Repeat with the remaining mixture.
Fry the falafel:
Heat about 2 inches of vegetable oil in a deep pan over medium-high heat. Once the oil is hot (350°F or 175°C), fry the falafel in batches for 3–4 minutes, turning occasionally, until golden brown and crispy. Remove with a slotted spoon and drain on paper towels.
Serve:
Serve the falafel warm with pita bread, hummus, tahini sauce, or a fresh salad.