Cook the pasta according to the package instructions until al dente. Drain and rinse under cold water to cool the pasta and stop the cooking process. Transfer the pasta to a large mixing bowl.
Add the cherry tomatoes, cucumber, bell peppers, red onion, shredded cheese, and any optional ingredients like black olives or bacon to the bowl with the pasta.
In a medium mixing bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream, Dijon mustard, apple cider vinegar, garlic powder, onion powder, sugar, salt, and black pepper until smooth and creamy.
Pour the dressing over the pasta and vegetable mixture. Toss everything together until the salad is evenly coated with the dressing. Adjust seasoning if needed.
Cover and refrigerate the pasta salad for at least 30 minutes before serving to allow the flavors to meld.
Serve chilled and garnish with fresh herbs like parsley or dill for a finishing touch.